Thursday, September 3, 2020
Japanese Particle Information (Bakari)
Japanese Particle Information (Bakari) Bakari is a Japanese molecule. Particles are commonly viewed as like relational word in English. A molecule is constantly positioned after the word it alters. Here are a few distinct utilizations of bakari with test sentences. I think it is likely straightforward its different utilization through relevant models. Bakkkari, bakashi and bakkashi can be utilized in casual circumstances rather than bakari. (1) Indicates a surmised sum, be it time or cash, and so on. A number or amount as a rule goes before it. It is like kurai/gurai and hodo and can be supplanted in this use. Asu kara tooka bakari ryokou ni ikimasu. 昞æâ€" ¥Ã£ ‹ã‚‰å æâ€" ¥Ã£ °Ã£ ‹ã‚šæâ€"… è ¡Å"㠫è ¡Å"ã 㠾㠙。 - Ill be departing out traveling for around ten days from tomorrow.Ryokou no hiyou wa zenbu de nijuuman-en bakari kakatta. æâ€"… è ¡Å"㠮è ² »Ã§ ¨Ã£ ¯Ã¥â€¦ ¨Ã©Æ' ¨Ã£ §Ã¤ ¸â€¡Ã¥â€ †ã °Ã£ ‹ã‚šã ‹ã ‹ã £Ã£ ÿ。 - The absolute expense of the outing came to around 200,000 yen.Gosen-en bakari kashite itadakemasen ka. ä ºÃ¥ Æ'円㠰ã ‹ã‚šè ² ¸Ã£ â€"㠦ã „ã ÿã ã '㠾ã ›ã‚㠋。 - Could you please loan me 5,000 yen or something like that? (2) Not just ~ yet in addition In the examples ~ bakari dewa naku ~ mo or ~ bakari ja naku ~ mo (casual) Otoko no ko bakari dewa naku, onna no ko mo takusan imashita. ç ·Ã£ ®Ã¥ 㠰㠋゚㠧㠯㠪ã 〠å ¥ ³Ã£ ®Ã¥ ã‚‚ã ÿã ã •ã‚㠄㠾ã â€"ã ÿ。 - There were young men as well as numerous girls.Watashi wa nihongo bakari ja naku, furansugo mo benkyou shitai desu. ç § 㠯æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£ °Ã£ ‹ã‚šã ˜ã‚Æ'㠪ã 〠ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥â€¹â€°Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â€"ã ÿ㠄㠧㠙。 - I need to examine Japanese as well as French.Kare wa dansu bakari dewa naku, uta mo umai n desu. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£ ¯Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã£ °Ã£ ‹ã‚šã §Ã£ ¯Ã£ ªÃ£ 〠æ Å"も㠆㠾ã „ã‚㠧㠙。 - He is acceptable at moving as well as singing. Despite the fact that dake can supplant bakari in this utilization, bakari is marginally increasingly unequivocal. Nodo ga kawaita dake dewa naku, onaka mo suita. 㠮㠩ã Å"æ ¸â€¡Ã£ „ã ÿã ã 'ã ˜ã‚Æ'㠪ã 〠㠚㠪ã ‹ã‚‚㠙㠄ã ÿ。 - Not just I am parched yet in addition I am ravenous. (3) Shows that something is constantly constrained to a specific activity, spot or thing. It is like dake or nomi. Asonde bakari inai de, shukudai mo shinasai. é šã‚㠧㠰ã ‹ã‚šã „㠪ã „㠧〠å ® ¿Ã© ¡Å"ã‚‚ã â€"㠪ã •ã „。 - Dont simply play constantly, get your work done as well.Terebi bakari vermin iru to, me ni warui yo. ãÆ'†ãÆ' ¬Ã£Æ'㠰ã ‹ã‚šè ¦â€¹Ã£ ¦Ã£ „る㠨ã€ ç› ®Ã£ «Ã¦â€š ªÃ£ „よ。 - If you stare at the TV constantly, it isn't useful for your eyes.Watashi no neko wa itsumo nemutte bakari imasu. ç § 㠮çÅ" «Ã£ ¯Ã£ „㠤ã‚‚çÅ" 㠣㠦㠰ã ‹ã‚šã „㠾㠙。 - My feline is in every case simply resting. (4) Used after the ~ta type of action words, it shows that an activity has quite recently been finished. It converts into just. Chichi wa ima kaette kita bakari desu. çˆ ¶Ã£ ¯Ã¤ »Å¡Ã¥ ¸ °Ã£ £Ã£ ¦Ã£ ã ÿ㠰㠋゚㠧㠙。 - My dad just got home.Sakki tabeta bakari nanoni, mada onaka ga suite iru. 㠕㠣ã é £Ã¿Ã£ ¹Ã£ ÿ㠰㠋゚㠪㠮㠫〠㠾ã 㠚㠪ã ‹ã Å"㠙㠄㠦ã „㠾㠙。 - Although I had quite recently eaten, I am still hungry.Kinou katta bakari no kutsu o haite dekaketa. æ˜ ¨Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¨ ² ·Ã£ £Ã£ ÿ㠰㠋゚㠮é 'ã‚'Ã¥ ± ¥Ã£ „㠦å‡ ºÃ£ ‹ã 'ã ÿ。 - I went out wearing the shoes that I had recently purchased yesterday. (5) In the patter bakari ni, it underscores an explanation or cause. It has a subtlety of exclusively due to; for the straightforward explanation. Ano basu ni notta bakari ni, jiko ni atta. 㠂㠮ãÆ' ã‚ ¹Ã£ «Ã¤ ¹â€"㠣ã ÿ㠰㠋゚㠫ã€ ä ºâ€¹Ã¦â€¢â€¦ 㠫ã ‚㠣ã ÿ。 - It was simply because I jumped on that transport that I was engaged with an accident.Tomoko wa Ken to kekkon shita bakari ni kurou shiteiru. æ™ ºÃ¥ 㠯å ¥Ã£ ¨Ã§ µ Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã£ â€"ã ÿ㠰㠋゚㠫è‹ ¦Ã¥Å¡'ã â€"㠦ã „る。 - Simply in light of the fact that Tomoko wedded Ken, she is having a hard time.Kare wa kuruma o kaitai bakari ni, isshou kenmei hataraiteiru. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£ ¯Ã¨ »Å¡Ã£â€š'è ² ·Ã£ „ã ÿ㠄㠰㠋゚㠫ã€ ä ¸â‚¬Ã§Ã¿Ã¦â€¡ ¸Ã¥' ½Ã¥Æ' 㠄㠦ã „る。 - He needs to purchase a vehicle so seriously that he is buckling down. (6) Following an action word, it shows that the activity is/was going to be done. It makes an interpretation of into going to accomplish (something). Yuushoku o mou taberu bakari no tokoro ni dareka ga nokku shita. Ã¥ ¤â€¢Ã© £Ã¿Ã£â€š'ã‚‚ã †é £Ã¿Ã£ ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ °Ã£ ‹ã‚šã ®Ã£ ¨Ã£ ゠㠫è ª °Ã£ ‹ã Å"ãÆ'žãÆ'Æ'ã‚ ¯Ã£ â€"ã ÿ。 - We were going to have supper when somebody thumped on the door.Kono shousetsu wa ato saigo no shou o kaku bakari da. ã 㠮å ° è ª ¬Ã£ ¯Ã¥ ¾Å"æÅ"ی ¾Å"㠮ç « ã‚'æ› ¸Ã£ 㠰ã ‹ã‚šã 。 - The main thing left to do with this novel is to compose the last chapter.Ima nimo ame ga furidasan bakari no soramoyou da. ä »Å¡Ã£ «Ã£â€šâ€šÃ©â€º ¨Ã£ Å"é™ ã‚šå‡ ºÃ£ •ã‚㠰㠋゚㠮ç © ºÃ¦ ¨ ¡Ã¦ §ËœÃ£ 。 - The sky appears as though it is going to rain whenever.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Strategies for Improving Sentences on SAT Writing
Methodologies for Improving Sentences on SAT Writing SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Improving sentences is the greatest subsection in SAT Writing. There are 49 all out various decision inquiries on the SAT Writing area, and 25 of those are improving sentences questions. Furnishing yourself with explicit methodologies to respond to these inquiries will be very helpful to you and your SAT Writing score. In this post, I’ll do the accompanying: Offer a general way to deal with use for responding to sentence improvement questions. Detail the most widely recognized blunders and signs for finding them. Tell you the best way to address the most widely recognized sentence structure blunders. Give model inquiries. General Approach to Improving Sentences For each improving sentences question, you ought to follow a similar general way to deal with assistance guarantee that you have a productive technique to reliably choose the right answer. By following these means, you'll become more averse to commit reckless errors and bound to show up at the correct answer in a convenient way. #1: Read the Sentence and Try to Identify Any Specific Errors in the Underlined Portion At the point when you previously read through the sentence, endeavor to find explicit mistakes dependent on your insight into the language decides that are tried on the SAT Writing segment. #2: Eliminate Obvious Wrong Answer Choices Dispense with any decisions that are obviously off-base. In the event that an answer decision makes another linguistic blunder or doesn't address the mistake you distinguished in the first answer decision, at that point you can quickly wipe out that answer decision as an alternative. Try not to wipe out an answer decision exclusively on the grounds that it sounds wrong. For the entirety of the different decision SAT Writing questions, depend basically on your insight into syntactic standards. #3: If You Don't Notice Anything Wrong With the Original Sentence, Look at the Answer Choices to Determine on the off chance that You Overlooked an Error Now and then perusing the appropriate response decisions will make the mistake in the first sentence progressively evident. Likewise, if an answer decision is more succinct than the underlined segment of the first sentence and syntactically right, at that point that will be the correct answer. #4: Plug the Phrase in the Answer Choice Back Into the Original Sentence On the off chance that an answer decision seems as though it could be correct, plug the expression once again into the first sentence. Now and then perusing the entire sentence will permit you to all the more effectively decide whether an answer decision is right or in the event that it makes an extra blunder. Utilize this progression to confirm your determination or testan answer decision you're uncertain about. #5: Go Through The Answer Choices Until You Locate the Correct Improvement or Determine that No Change is Needed Your work is done once you discover the appropriate response decision that fixes the mistake in the first sentence and doesn't make an additonal blunder. You can rapidly take a gander at the rest of the decisions to check that you have chosen the most intelligent answer. On the off chance that, in the wake of glancing through the appropriate response decisions, you establish that the first sentence is right, at that point select answer decision A, which is consistently equivalent to the underlined bit of the first sentence. Remember that answer decision A will be directly about 10%-20% of the time. Since we have a general methodology for sentence improvement questions, we can take a gander at the particular punctuation mistakes that more than once show up in the sentences in this subsection. I'll tell you the pieces of information for recognizing these mistakes and how to improve sentences that contain them. Peruse underneath for all the language structure rules you have to know for improving sentences. The Specific Grammar Errors: Signs and Improvements I organized these linguistic mistakes by how regularly they will in general show up in sentence improvement questions, with the more typical blunders first and the least normal ones last. These mistakes have showed up on past SATs, and you ought to be comfortable with these principles. Tedium On the off chance that a sentence experiences tedium, it isn't written in the most brief linguistically right way. Here are a few hints for how to find a tedious sentence. Signs Longwinded sentences frequently contain ing words in the underlined partition. Additionally, these sentences will in general utilize the usually utilized tedious expressions referenced in the article on longwindedness. When you detect a longwinded sentence, it can by and large be rectified in the accompanying manners. Enhancements Recall that the most brief syntactically right answer decision will be correct. Allude to the article on tedium for the regular redresses to the generally utilized tedious expressions. Parallelism Parallelism alludes to the punctuation decide that expects you to utilize a similar example of words for at least two words or thoughts in a sentence. Mistakes in parallelism happen when things in a rundown or expressions when a combination are not written in the equivalent syntactic structure. Look at the intimations for distinguishing an equal structure question. Signs A sentence is likely trying your insight into parallelism if the underlined divide is a piece of a x, y, and z list development. Furthermore, if an underlined expression follows a combination, it frequently incorporates an equal structure blunder. Since they're increasingly troublesome, parallelism addresses will in general be found close to the finish of the subsection. Upgrades To address parallelism mistakes, put things in a rundown or expressions when a combination in the equivalent syntactic structure. For instance, in the event that two things in a rundown are in the ing word structure, at that point the third thing ought to be in the ing word structure also. Defective Modifiers Another basic punctuation blunder on the improving sentences subsection is the flawed modifier. The fundamental standard with respect to modifiers is that they should be set close to the word they're adjusting. Anyway, how would you recognize a defective modifier? Signs Practically the entirety of the defective modifier addresses manage dangling modifiers. At the point when a sentence starts with an altering expression, the introduction must be quickly trailed by a comma and afterward the thing it's portraying. On the off chance that the underlined expression follows a basic statement and a comma, ensure that the thing being portrayed comes directly after the comma. Upgrades Spot modifiers close to the words they depict. For the regular dangling modifier questions, the thing being depicted ought to be put directly after the comma. Pronoun Agreement On the SAT, pronoun understanding implies that pronouns should consistently have a reasonable predecessor and concur with the things they supplant. Signs On the off chance that a pronoun is a piece of the underlined expression, search for blunders in pronoun understanding. You should have the option to distinguish a predecessor and the pronoun must concur with its precursor in number. Enhancements Each pronoun on the SAT ought to have a reasonable precursor. The predecessor is the thing that the pronoun alludes to. In the event that a pronoun doesn't have a reasonable forerunner, supplant it with a thing or ensure that the improved sentence gives ita clear precursor. Additionally, make a point to utilize solitary things with particular forerunners and plural pronouns with plural predecessors. My preferred pronoun Maxims/Wrong Word For questions identified with colloquialisms or word decision, you need to realize how to appropriately build informal articulations and how to appropriately utilize explicit words. These inquiries frequently don't compare with a punctuation rule and are the main ones where you may need to depend on what sounds option to accurately respond to the inquiry. Signs The sayings on the SAT will in general include relational words, ing words, and infinitives. On the off chance that any of these grammatical features are underlined, ensure that any informal articulation in the expression is appropriately developed. In the event that single word of a word pair is in the underlined expression, that can likewise flag an off-base word error.Common word sets incorporate not only...but additionally, both...and, either..or, and neither...nor. Note that conjunctions or verb modifiers in the underlined expression can flag a word decision mistake also. Upgrades Ordinarily, an inappropriately built colloquial articulation can be fixed by changing the relational word or the action word structure. Word pair mistakes can be adjusted by supplanting the word that doesn't have a place in the word pair with the word that does. For instance, change either...and to either...or. Ensure that the words in the underlined expression express the proposed importance of the sentence. In the event that the sentence shows differentiate, at that point there ought to be a word like yet, in spite of, or despite the fact that in the sentence that demonstrates differentiate. Run-Ons A sudden spike in demand for sentence (coming soon) comprises of at least two complete considerations that are not isolated by the correct accentuation. Signs Normally, you'll discover a sudden spike in demand for sentence made by a comma graft. Two complete musings will be isolated by a comma. Upgrades You can fix the comma join by changing the comma to a semicolon. Or on the other hand, you can change the development of the sentence with the goal that the comma is done isolating two complete contemplations. Parts A sentence part (coming soon) doesn't communicate a total idea. Signs Sentence parts regularly have an ing word or relative pronoun in the underlined expression. Once in a while, a participle will be in the underlined divide and the sentence won't have an action word. Enhancements Dispose of the relative pronoun or supplant ing words and participles with action words. Ensure the improved sentence has an action word and communicates a total idea. Subject-Verb Agreement Subject-action word understanding is a standard that expresses that all subjects must concur with their action words in number. Solitary subjects take particular action words. Plural subjects take plural action words. Signs On the off chance that an action word is underlined, particularly on the off chance that the appropriate response decisions have diverse present/present flawless tense conjugations, at that point you should check for a subject-action word understanding mistake. Upgrades Change the action word from plural to particular or from solitary to plural. Only a couple of more principles to go Action word Forms Action word structure (coming soon) questions will test you on action word tenses, ing words, and infinitives. You have to realize which tense and action word structure to use in a
Friday, August 21, 2020
Market Strategies Promotional Activities †Myassignmenthelp.Com
Question: Talk About The Market Strategies Promotional Activities? Answer: Presentation Showcasing plan is a finished arrangement pretty much all the exercises that is set up by the business visionaries, when they present new items and administrations in individual market. It incorporates all the related angles, which are required for acquiring an item or administration the market (Morden, 2016). An association remembers different perspectives for this, similar to; goals, target advertise, showcase division, showcase systems and other limited time exercises. This report incorporates the portrayal about an Australian Airlines, for example Jetstar Airways. It is a minimal effort aircraft in Australia. The organization is presenting minimal effort administrations for the individuals, who can't manage the cost of the air voyaging costs. This report incorporates a few segments of showcasing plan for companys items and administrations, similar to target market and advertising methodology of the organization. The association is executing different viable methodologies to advan ce the items in the market and everywhere throughout the world. It is extending its business activities in global markets. Organization Background Jetstar Airways Limited is an Australian aircraft, which is built up in the year 2004. The association is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia and offers ease carrier administrations to its potential clients. It has propelled its first neighborhood flight and advanced Magda Szubanski in the character of Julie the Jetstar young lady as the image of the association. The organization is offering esteem based administrations internationally. This is a completely possessed auxiliary of Qantas and framed in light of the opposition and difficulties presented by another low-toll carrier, for example Virgin Blue. The carrier runs a broad nearby system and worldwide administrations too from its main base, for example Melbourne Airport, Australia. Qantas set up Jetstar aviation routes in the year 2003 as its low-toll activities auxiliary (Jetstar, 2017). It has created to fill in as probably the greatest aircraft in Australia. It additionally works its activities in local market of New Zealand. The association is notable for its low passages, consistently to various areas. It has won different esteemed honors, similar to; Best Brand Experience for Low Cost Carrier in 2006 and Best Low Cost Airline in 2007. This aircraft conveys roughly 8.5% of the considerable number of travelers going in or out of Australia. Like its parent organization, it additionally has the opposition with Virgin Australia and its minimal effort auxiliary, for example Tigerair Australia. Through this auxiliary, Qantas has shares in other sister carriers, as; Jetstar Japan, Jetstar Asia Airways and Jetstar Pacific Airlines (Jetstar, 2017). The Australian aircraft industry is confronting a serious rivalry because of section of minimal effort carrier, as; Jetstar Airways. It has reinforced the fight for inhabitance rates and piece of the overall industry in Australian carrier industry. The organization is improving the client steadfastness by creating viable showcasing systems. It is the significant key to get by in serious flight industry in Australia. Jetstar Airways has offered below average money related execution in these days due to client protests about low quality administrations. At present, Jetstar is filling in as perhaps the biggest player in the low-toll carrier portion in the nation with armada size of 44 airplanes and 1900 flights week after week (Shaw, 2016). The association has its essence in every single significant course and 50 worldwide markets through Asia Pacific locale. Presently, the trips of Jetstar fly to and from 19 Australian nearby and 17 long and short-pull worldwide goals. Right now, it is on third position in biggest carriers by piece of the pie in nearby avionics industry and in the rundown of top five global aircrafts as far as limit share. It is serving diverse worldwide courses to and from Australian air terminal. Notwithstanding its ease strategy, the association gives a set number of connecting administrations without by means of stuff checking, anyway it has modified since the worldwide transports began in November 2006. The association has included the stuff availability office as an assistance for the nearby flights interfacing abroad flights. As an auxiliary of the Quatas, Jetstar Airways offers increasingly universal and nearby trips in contrast with other aircraft player in Australia nation. It has flown 75 million individuals since its dispatch in the year 2004. Item/Service Description The presentation of Jetstar is the part Qantas two brand technique. Under this procedure, the organization has two brands, for example Qanats and Jetstar Airways. One offers best full-administration market and Jetstar offers minimal effort administrations (Anderson, Narus Narayandas, 2009). Under its administrations, Jetstar offers to choose their preferred seat and it has become first aircraft in Australia, which permits the explorers to pick their seats on booking. Items and administration contributions of Jetstar Airways are expected to satisfy the changing needs of clients. The association offers a correct admission type for its clients. Additionally, Jetstar offers a basic help that is profoundly presented for lessening the expenses and costs and improve the incentive for clients. Under its administrations, the clients get a flight and insignificant things at its most reduced (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). The organization is utilizing powerful showcasing procedures and market division for advancing its administrations among Australian Market and everywhere throughout the world. The association has extended its administrations to different nations, as; New Zealand, Asia Pacific area and so forth. This carrier has a codeshare contracts with different aircraft associations, for example, Jin Air, Qantas, American Airlines, Emirates, Japan Airlines, LATAM Chile and so forth. The administrations of organization are powerful and one of a kind from different carriers. It is offering the carrier benefits on low admission. For the advancement of these administrations, organization is receiving and actualizing different successful showcasing techniques and focusing on a market that is beneficial for the organization (Belobaba, Odoni, and Barnhart, 2015). The following sections of this report incorporate the conversation about the objective market and promoting procedures of Jetstar Airways. Target Market Target showcase is, where an association needs to offer its items and administrations and it comprises of various arrangement of clients for whom it invests extra advertising amounts of energy. ID of the objective market is a significant advance in making a showcasing plan. An objective market can be dictated by thinking about various components, similar to; segment, psychographic, geographic and buying intensity of the individuals. Jetstar Airways is focusing on the independents, which are 34% bound to fly. Besides, the organization is focusing on the inhabitants of Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales, which are 7.6% potentially to go on an abroad occasion (Bradley Grant, 2015). In target market of organization, family unit is uncovering a higher than normal pay is more to fly with Jetstar Airways. In presenting this administration, organization is principally focusing on the individuals, who can't bear the cost of going with higher admission aircraft. Market Segmentation Market division is the procedure, where an organization fragments the general market based on some particular qualities, similar to; segment, social, psychographic and geographic attributes. In its advertising plan, Jetstar is likewise accentuating on these attributes to focus available, with the goal that it can advance its administrations in powerful way (Forgas, Moliner, Snchez and Palau, 2010). Geographic Characteristics: In setting of geographic attributes, Jetstar is choosing various areas for offering its items, as; New Zealand, Australia and Asia Pacific Region (Lawton, 2017). Psychographic Characteristics: Jetstar is focusing on the individuals based on financial qualities. In this procedure, it is offering its items to low and working class individuals with the moderate pay level. This is the essential market fragment, on which organization centers (Fu, Lei, Wang and Yan, 2015). Segment Characteristics: In this sort of attributes, Jetstar is underscoring on the age gathering of 18 to multi year olds, who have low and center level pay limit. Organization is seeking after the low charge activities, so it is additionally a significant market portion for the organization (Jarach, 2017). Social Characteristics: In this unique situation, the association is focusing on the event division, in which it is focusing on short separation or some moment flights, which needn't bother with the advantages, which other carrier associations give, for example, business class, dinners and so on. Promoting Strategy Promoting technique is an authoritative practice that fuses showcasing and different goals in an arrangement (Homsombat, Lei and Fu, 2014). A promoting system is expressed to be powerful when it is actualized for statistical surveying and concentrated on related advertising blend for gaining huge incomes and benefits. It will help the firm in keeping up its development and business condition. Furthermore, the advertising technique can accounted as the premise of a promoting plan. It assumes an indispensable job in accomplishing the destinations of organization. For this situation, Jetstar is actualizing different compelling showcasing systems, which will help the association in making mindfulness about its administrations. It will help the association in upgrading its market inclusion and piece of the pie. A showcasing methodology of the organization can serve such a significant number of advantages. For having these advantages, Jetstar is embracing a few showcasing systems to accomplish these advantages (Jiang, 2013). There are different procedures and advertising blend, which are received and actualized by Jetstar in elevating its aircraft administrations to its objective market. These systems are expressed underneath; Jetstar is an Australian aircraft that planned to offer minimal effort carrier administrations both at neighborhood and worldwide level. By embracing the viable advertising blend methodologies, the association
Wednesday, June 17, 2020
Professionalism in Forensics Computing - Free Essay Example
Professionalism in Forensics Computing For the first time following the case of Jones v Kaney [UKSC 2011, 13] experts are open to being challenged under the tort of negligence for their work. Discuss the case and its implications of risk for forensics or security experts involved in the investigation and presentation of findings within the legal process. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Expert witnesses lose 400-year-old immunityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1]Lawgazette.co.uk. This title appeared in the Law Society Gazette on March 30th 2011 following a Supreme Court decision in Jones v Kaney ([2011] UKSC 13) abolishing expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ immunity from suit. The immunity of expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have been challenged a number of times, most of which occurred after the case of Hall v Simons ([2000] UKHL 38) [2]where advocatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ immunity has been abolished. It has been questioned whether expert witnesses should be treated the same as the witnesses of facts, and whether the immunity is necessary. The case of Jones v Kaney (2011) considered a dispute over an expert witness service provided by Dr Kaney to the court in personal injury case which also considered Mr. Jones. In that case, the claimant was involved in road accident causing him physical and psychiatric injuries. His solicitor has then instructed Dr Kaney to advise the court about the (psychiatric) health condition of the claimant. In her initial report she stated that the victim suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The other side raised an objection on the basis that the expert witness hired on behalf of the insurance company acknowle dged that it may only have been exaggeration by Mr Jones which may or may not have been conscious. After the raised dispute, the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ were instructed to hold a discussion, which took place in November 2005. It was then held in the form of the joint statement signed by the both parties that Kaney agreed that the psychiatric injury that Jones has suffered was not PTSD, but only an adjustment reaction. She has also suggested that he might, in purpose, give the experts incorrect information. When Kaney was asked for reasoning of her indecisiveness she explained that she felt to be under the pressure of agreeing to the document and that it did not exactly represent her view. Whilst being interviewed she upheld that Jones suffered from PTSD however it was no longer relevant after the joint statement was signed. Her actions have weakened Jonesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ claim significantly, and subsequently, the personal injury claim was settled outside the court roo m.[3] Jones issued a claim for professional negligence against Kaney in respect of a road traffic case which had to be settled for considerably lesser amount due to Kaneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s change of her expert witness statement. He argued that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It was alleged (but not proved, because the case proceeded as a strike out application on assumed facts) that she had negligently agreed the terms of a joint statement with the opposing expert without seeing her opponentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report, under pressure to sign and despite the fact that it did not truly reflect her viewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ https://www.kchgardensquare.co.uk/[4] Although Kanye did try to strike out on the basis that Stanton v Callaghan 1998 case upheld that the expert witness may not be sued for negligence when preparing the joint statement, a certificate under section 12 of the Administration of Justice Act 1969 was granted (in the high court) allowing Jones to go straight through Supreme Court. The appeal was heard in January 2011 by 7 judges, which by majority (5/7) allowed the appeal which at the same time meant overruling the Stanton v Callaghan 1998. It also meant that the immunity from suite for expert witness is abolished by the decision of the Supreme Court. The majority decision considered that it was up to the Kaney to justify why the immunity from the suite should be upheld. It was a concern for the judges whether the joint statement should remain immune from the suit. Lord Phillips expressed his surprise that the immunity from the suite in regards to the expert witnesses have not yet been challenged. He noted that the immunity was first upheld in Cutler v Dixon (1585) before the tort of negligence was hardly developed. Lord Phillip stated that the expertsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ witnesses are benefiting the court voluntary and doing so for the payment. He felt that abolishing the immunity from suit would not impact the evidence giving at court, even though it will b e possible to suit them for negligence. He notes that the aspect of giving the evidence at could will be looked upon differently, however it should not discourage expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ from giving their testimony at court. Lord Phillips comment the decision of Hall v Simons (2001) to be incorrect in the respect that it failed to distinguish between the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of facts. He states that the expert witness besides of having a duty to serve the court, also have a binding contract agreement with the client. At this occasion he states that the expert witnesses are more like advocates in the respect of having a duty to the court and the client. It is in his opinion that removing the immunity from the advocates has not lead to any decrease of such professionals performing their duty. He then concluded that there was no justification to uphold the immunity for breach of duty and should therefore be abolished. Lord Br own has added that the abolishing the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ will impact the quality of the services provided positively and so that it will limit the experts to give exactly what they were asked for to avoid embarrassment. This was to be due establishing initially by the experts whether their client case is not too high, or inflexible. Lord Collins has also added that it will give the client the right to retrieve appropriate remedy for insufficient services provided by the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Lastly Lord Kerr adds that there should be no fear about changing the decision from the original if such need is required. As long as it is held truthfully and there are strong grounds to do so. On the other side, there were 2 judges that were voting to uphold the decision to maintain the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ immunity from being suit. Lord Hope and Lady Hale felt not to be in the position of removing the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“long standingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ immunity, and they have expressed that it should be up to the consideration of the Law Commission and Parliament and not the Supreme Court at all. Lord Hope expressed that the immunity was in place for the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to come and give their testimony voluntarily without being in fear of being suit by the employing party. It was his concern that removing the immunity was one way process and without the legislation it will not be possible to overrule the decision. His fears are that the decision will destabilise the protection give to witnesses in general. Lord Hope disagrees with the concept of getting a remedy for what has been done wrong because of the impact it will have on expertsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ work. He establishes a potential problem that derives from the decision, namely how to amend the decision to allow the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ be suite under the negligence but not for defamation. He pointed out that the roles of advocates and expert witnesses differ and therefore cannot be compared. Lady Hale was concerned about the consequences of the decision. She pointed than rather than changing their original submission, the expert witnesses will be more likely to confirm the original decision, even if they believed it is wrong, in order to prevent being suit for the negligence. This may have substantially impact the duty to court and the reliability on which the court has to base the decision. She concluded stating that the decision was irresponsible in the context of law, and the decision should not be made by the judges but the legislative body. Historically the immunity for the expert witnesses was first establishedin Curtler v Dixon (1585). Originally immunity from suite was known as an absolute privilege to all the parties that took part in the legal proceeding, and was also recognised (Dawkins v Rokeby (1873)LR 8 QB 255)[5], and was later clarified in the form of immunity from suit(Hargreaves v Bretherton [1 959] 1QB 45)[6]. The justifications, as stated in Darker v Chief Constable of the West Midlands Police [2001] 1 AC 435[7] for immunity of witnesses in general stated: To protect witnesses who have given evidence in good faith from being harassed and vexed by unjustified claims. To encourage honest and well meaning persons to assist justice. To secure that the witness will speak freely and fearlessly.[8] What is more appealing to the expert witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ immunity is the case of Stanton v Callaghan [1998]EWCA Civ 1176 (which was overruled by Jones v Kaney). The case has upheld that immunity had protected Callaghan who was accused for breach of retainer and negligence. It must be mentioned at this point that Jones have not suit Kaney on the basis that she changed her decision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which is allowed by the Civil Procedure rule Part 35(para 2.5)[9], if there are reasonable grounds to do so. Jones has accused Kaney of being negligent by signing a document because of the outside pressures. Furthermore she has not seen the opposing party expertà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report, the joint statement did not set out what were her reflections and still, she has signed it. Once the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ immunity from suit was abolished, the case returned to High Court. There were a number of risks that was carried with the overruling decision some of which were expressed by Lord Hope and Lady Hale. The identified risks was decrease in the truthfulness on the expert witness side because rather than changing their original decision and exposing themselves with a possibility of being suite, it would be rather easier to go with what has been already submitted. There was a possibility in the decrease of the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ willing to take part in the trail from the fear and the pressure that was put upon the expert witnesses. On the same level, there is a problem in regards to the difference between the negligence and defamation. The dfference between the two terms is very thin however these are still two completely different terms. Defamation refers directly to the words spoken, and is more sophisticated word for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lyingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is defamation when the person is not telling the truth, the information given was hearsay and the words have harmed or caused a loss to an individual. Whereas the negli gence is neither intentional, nor planned but may have cause some type of injury. It is therefore unclear as to where the border line draws, although only the immunity for being suit for negligence has been abolished. Some of the judges have also mentioned the Civil Procedure Rules that applies to this case. There is a specifically designed part in the CPR that relates directly to the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, CPR Part 35 and accompanying supplement which is directed to the reports. CPR Part 35 setà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s out the rules for the advocates and the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as to the correctness of information, duties in court, requirements for the expert witness report, single joint experts and so on. It is important that the Justice system provides such professional with guidelines which should be followed when serving the court. Some may argue that if an individual will apply the guidelines into the investigation and presentation process, it is s afe to say that the negligence would not apply. However it must be remembered that the negligence is the unconscious act, and therefore there is no guarantee that that the expert will be completely safe. Besides of CPR which outlines the correctness of the report, and the structure that is applied when the expert witness is hired, there is also an ACPO guideline. The ACPO guides the experts whose job is to investigate a case with 4 principles which should have been maintained at all times. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“No data should be changed, the data may only be changed if it is a necessity, an audit of trail must be kept at all times, and person in charge is responsible for the evidenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Although I is not directly relevant to the negligence claims being allowed, if at least the two guidelines were applied to the investigation and the person himself, it would substantially decrease the chance of being negligent at any stage of the investigation or presentation. Unfortuna tely, in reality these are only the guidelines for the expert witness. The drawback of it is that it does not give the individual guarantee to not be suit. For this reason it may be that the experts will apply what I refer to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“minimalist approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . What I mean about the minimalist approach is that the investigation for the case will be kept to the bare minimum to decrease any chances of being negligent at any stage of investigation/presentation. This may also impact the amount of information provided by the expert witnesses, because they only perform the tasks they were specifically asked to perform. The drawback may be enormous. Because the experts are only performing to the minimal standards set out by the client, the information provided back will also be minimal. If this would influence the amount of work which may now decrease due to fear of being suit, it may be possible to observe the success rate of the convictions which have employed expert witness. Moreover, on top of what has already been discussed, there are a number of factors that may impact individual experts, and their opinion. In my opinion the most common factor will be the additional stress that lies upon the experts, to pedantically apply to the procedures and rules in order not to leave any chances of being suit. A pressure, which made Dr Kaney sign the joint statement will now be even more affecting the experts and their opinion. Although there are a number of risks associated with the abolition of the immunity from being suite, there are also potential benefits that may serve the court as well as the client. It is now on behalf of the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to ensure the best quality of service is provided. This includes assessing the data/information more carefully and providing the parties with the more accurate statements and balanced reasoning. On the client side, it provides an assurance policy that if the expert was neglect at any stage of the trail; it gives the possibility to seek the remedy. It is now clear what was the reasoning behind the overruling the decision which was upheld in Stanton v Callaghan ([1998]EWCA Civ 1176) and the impact it had on the forensic and security expert witnesses. The question now is, why was the decision overruled, abolishing the experts immunity from being suit after 400 years. Well, Lord Phillips give us an indication of why it might have been. At the time the immunity was established (1585) the tort of law negligence was not much developed. It was assumed for a number of years that the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ had to be correct about their proceedings and testimonies, only in the late 19th century it started to be questioned. However the immunity was upheld for another 100 years. It was then challenged a lot more frequently as society got more educated and mishaps were discovered. Abolishing the immunity as described during the Jones v Kaney was a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… “healthy developmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10], which was directed to refresh the legal system in this domain. One may argue that the decision was reasonable. It provided the client with the assurance of being able to suit the expert witness for his negligence. A number of cases up until this point have tried and not succeeded in this area, making the expert witnesses untouchable even if there was a clear evidence of his negligent behaviour. On the other hand it may be argued that the decision was not reasonable, and as Lady Hale has pointed out, was not up to the Supreme Court to decide on such important and long lasted legislation. It has opened up a new broad area not only in expert witness field but also in witness of facts. Moreover it has to be distinguished between the negligence and defamation. One of the arguments that cannot be argued is that the decision was in benefit for the public interest. The only concern may be an opening floodgate for negligent claims regarding t he expert witnesses. The final point to be made in this article is the analysis of the risks balancing benefits and whether abolishing the immunity was for better or for the worst? It must be considered that the abolition of the immunity was challenged by 7 judges out of which 5 voted to remove it, and so it was. The rationale behind it was that the world has moved on since 1585 and a number of things have changed. One of the major impacts was the technological advancement that took place over the last 50 years. In regards to the forensics and security experts this causes a lot of issues to follow the most recent technological trends, know all the software and devices that has to be investigated, and it keeps changing on a day-to-day basis. This have made it harder to proceed with established procedures and chances for negligent action is fairly high as compared to, for example the medicine. On the benefit side it must be considered that it has been abolished for the public interest, giving the clients more manoeuvring space when it comes to negligence by the expert that was hired. It must be concluded that the risks are balancing the benefits and there are people that support the idea and those that are opposite. The importance now, is that the immunity has been abolished and every efforts needs to be put in by the expert witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to make sure to comply with the rules, regulations and the guidelines set by the governing body. It must be remembered at all times that the law is designed to benefit the experts giving them a number of tools, which if followed correctly will not cause issues. Word Count: 2994 Page | 1 [1] https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/59804.article [2] Link do sprawy [3] High Court decision, paras. 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"5 [4] https://www.kchgardensquare.co.uk/userfiles/files/KCHGS-JonesvKaney.pdf [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/civil/rules/part35/pd_part35#IDAXKD2 [10]
Monday, May 18, 2020
Essay on Richard Adams’s Watership Down - 1069 Words
Richard Adams’s Watership Down There are many intriguing and fascinating lessons and thoughts that can be extracted from Richard Adams’s Watership Down when inspected under a â€Å"magnifying glass.†From those many issues, the one that is the most influential to ourselves is the issue regarding anti-segregation, portrayed ingeniously by Richard Adams through Hazel within many different cases in the novel. Out of those many instances, this essay will discuss two of them, explain how they display the issue of anti-segregation, and compare them to a famous historical and political figure. The character in the novel that Richard Adam decides to portray as a â€Å"civil rights leader†is Hazel. Hazel and his companions have already discovered†¦show more content†¦The first instance that Hazel shows his anti-segregation mentality occurs shortly after the rabbits find the Honeycomb. They were gathered underground when Silver quickly came down screaming â€Å"Hawk! Hawk!†After they were all safe underground they noticed a mouse had joined them. Quickly, Hazel came over to the mouse to see if it was ok. Contrary to the rest of the rabbits, he told the mouse it could stay underground until it was safe to go back up. Hazel was quick to notice that this mouse was of no threat to them, and didn’t see any reason not to help it. Just because it wasn’t another rabbit like them, didn’t mean that they had to automatically treat it like it was in a â€Å"lower class.†Since Hazel was able to understand this, and act on it, he was rewarded towards the end of the novel where the same mouse informed them that Woundwart was camped close to them and was going to attack them. This is the first example of how Hazel was not only physically a leader, but also a civil rights leader. The second example occurs when Bigwig and Silver were wandering around and they saw and heard something behind the bushes. When they discovered it was a huge whi te bird they both tried to get close to it. As they approached it, it began to go crazy so they ran away. Hazel met up with them and asked them what happened. They told him about the big white bird that they found that was hurt. Quickly Hazel went over to the bird
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay about Sociology Study Questions - 629 Words
Soc 120 Niyogi Final Exam Study Questions 1. Discuss two aspects of the racial formation theory (Omi and Winant). Use examples to illustrate your answer. What role does the racial state play in racial formations? 2. In the movie, ‘Race: the Power of an Illusion’ (episode 2) how did expanding democracy intersect with American society becoming increasingly â€Å"race-based†? Why did race become one of the most important parts of national life? 3. According to Brodkin what was â€Å"the biggest and best affirmative action program†? Discuss two factors pointed out by her that contributed to the success of Jews. 4. John Smith a middle class white man, has lunch with Tatum (Defining Racism) and Lipsitz (Possessive†¦show more content†¦Both bussing and tracking both categorize students on qualities but racialzed. If students fall off the track they are put into a lower track which limits their academic progress. Busing in kids from other neighborhoods. Underprivileged to privilege neighborhoods. 6. Discuss Kozol’s main findings about our educational system. What is the impact of race and class in presenting obstacles to educational success? 7. Use ideas from clips from Unnatural Causes to highlight how inequality effects health outcomes. Discuss two examples. Obesity, high blood pressure (Stress) Can find this on youtube! 8. What does Davis mean by the term â€Å"prison industrial complex†? What is the school to prison pipeline? 9. Highlight a contemporary manifestation of discrimination in the workplace. Connect the institution of work with one other institution to explain the perpetuation of inequality. 10. Discuss two drawbacks of adopting a black/white binary analysis of race and racism? Use examples from readings by Sethi, Shah, Wu etc. 11. Explain the myth of the model minority and why it has persisted. Highlight two negative consequences of the model minority label. 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Training Evaluation and Measurement Methods
Question: Discuss about the Training Evaluation and Measurement Methods. Answer: Introduction: The prioritization of the professional life and personal life or lifestyle is known as work life balance (Goodwin and Graebe 2017). It is concerned with the balancing of the lifestyle attributes of the people along with their job-related attributes. It is important to devote equal time for leisure and work. The organizations often help in taking proactive measures so that the employees can perform their personal duties too. The shifts in the organizational policies create a problem for the employees and they are unable to maintain the work life balance. The increasing work burden, stress and the increased competition has made the professionals to give less time to their families or pursue their personal interests. Consequences of imbalanced work life The imbalanced work life balance is not good for the employees. The employees would be having excessive absenteeism due to the improper balance. There may be several reasons of this absence, one of which can be severe health issues. They may be suffering from irritability, concentration issues and severe headache (Leider 2015). There is an increase of stress as well as safety concerns. There is a considerable loss of personal life which causes the employees lose their aim of life (Cummings and Worley 2014). They would not be able to concentrate on their work and they may not be able to prioritize their work. The other symptoms of the work life balance are described below- Exhaustion of the employees which would decrease their productivity. Limited friendships in personal as well as professional life Increase in work load which means that there would be increase in the responsibility Health conditions such as fatigue, weight gain, substance addiction and nervousness. Good Practices There should be adequate work life balance which would motivate the employees to work in the organization for longer duration (Hoven and Siegrist 2013). The following best practices should be implemented in the organization- Offering the opportunities for community engagement- It is important to inter connect work and leisure which would be mutually beneficial. The employer can offer six weeks of paid volunteer time for engaging in community causes (Niedhammer et al. 2013). Maintaining structural consistency- The employer must try to engage in consistent structure of the organization which would make the employees feel less anxious. They should know their job roles and responsibilities clearly which would be aligned with the organizational objectives. Allow flexibility of schedule- The organization should be able to provide work from home options if they need to attend an important task in their household (Mowday Porter and Steers 2013). This would help the employees to balance both professional and personal life. Encourage team building activities- There should be adequate team building activities when the employees are working together in the organization (Koivisto and Rice 2016). Create centralized systems- It is important to create centralized software, allocation of resources and the authority which would make it easier for the employees to efficiently coordinate with the departments (Dyer and Dyer 2013). Division of labor- It is important to delegate all the tasks equally among all the employees of the organization so that there would not be burden on any single person. There are several concerns which persisted in the organization. They are enumerated as under- High attrition rate of the employees which implies that the employees are not ready to stay in the organization for a longer time. This created burden on the human resource department. The time between resignation of employees and recruitment of new ones is detrimental to the organizational functioning since there is subsequent decrease in productivity. Lack of organizational hierarchy which makes it confusing for the employees to follow instructions. There are also issues regarding the approval system and the reporting authority. The presence of two systems in the organization creates technical glitches which wastes a lot of time. Lack of attendance keeping systems which makes the employees come to office at their own time. Lack of time management skills among the employees. Lack of proper training in the organization which makes it difficult to have smooth operational flow. Employees in the organization are not able to balance their personal and professional life. They are unable to maintain work life balance and this is the reason why there is a decrease in their productivity. The organization should implement the following solutions which would not only solve the issues but also provide the employees with greater work life balance. The organization should optimize the recruitment as well as selection strategy, focus on training and initiate a coaching culture which would make the employees engaged in the organization (Graham and Englund 2013). More focus should be put on employee engagement activities Creation of organizational charts which clearly shows the line of authority and also helps the employee to identify their reporting authority (Schiemann 2014). Implementation of a single system in the organization. Centralized operation of both finance and operation. SAP system must be implemented for the entire organization. Installation of biometric system that would record the exact entry time and the exit time of the employees (Sermeus 2016). In order to foster efficient time management skills, the organization must consider installing time tracker or employee time sheet software. In case of budget constraints, proper evaluation mechanisms should be there which makes the employees manage their time efficiently. Proper training schedules should be formulated based on the requirements of the employees (Phillips and Phillips 2016). Training modules should be implemented based on the employee shortage of skills, expertise and knowledge. From the employees point of view, Work life balance can be fostered by- using technology for telecommuting, learning to say no at times, communicate, set personal deadlines and prioritize the time (Hougaard Carter and Coutts 2016). From the employers point of view, Work life balance can be improved by- Allow work from home options, promoting flexible hours, not allowing the employees to take work at home, promotion of breaks during working hours, focusing on workplace culture, vacation time policies, providing benefits such as maternal leave and child care benefits (Burg-Brown 2013). References Burg-Brown, S., 2013. Work-life balance.Journal of Property Management,78(4), pp.48-54. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dyer, W.G. and Dyer, J.H., 2013.Team building: Proven strategies for improving team performance. John Wiley Sons. Goodwin, G.C. and Graebe, S.F., 2017. Work-Life Balance. InA Doctorate and Beyond(pp. 179-185). Springer International Publishing. Graham, R.J. and Englund, R.L., 2013.Creating an environment for successful projects. John Wiley Sons. Hougaard, R., Carter, J. and Coutts, G., 2016. Work-Life Balance. InOne Second Ahead(pp. 117-122). Palgrave Macmillan US. Hoven, H. and Siegrist, J., 2013. Work characteristics, socioeconomic position and health: a systematic review of mediation and moderation effects in prospective studies.Occupational and environmental medicine, pp.oemed-2012. Koivisto, S. and Rice, R.E., 2016. Leader prototypicality moderates the relation between access to flexible work options and employee feelings of respect and leader endorsement.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, pp.1-22. Leider, R.J., 2015.The power of purpose: Creating meaning in your life and work. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Niedhammer, I., Chastang, J.F., David, S., Barouhiel, L. and Barrandon, G., 2013. Psychosocial work environment and mental health: Job-strain and effort-reward imbalance models in a context of major organizational changes.International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. Phillips, J.J. and Phillips, P.P., 2016.Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge. Schiemann, W.A., 2014. From talent management to talent optimization.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.281-288. Sermeus, W., 2016. Biometric Attendance and Big Data Analysis for Optimizing Work Processes.Nursing Informatics 2016: EHealth for All: Every Level CollaborationFrom Project to Realization,225, p.68.
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